Monday, 13 July 2026 • Morning Session • Building 11, Level 3, Room 301 • Sydney, Australia • RSS 2026

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It’s the demos: A Deep Look at the Role of Demonstration Quality in Imitation-Based Robot Manipulation @ RSS 2026

It's the Demos

Imitation-based robot manipulation has entered a phase where short to mid horizon tasks that can be unambiguously teleoperated have a high likelihood of success. Further Progress is increasingly driven by large-scale demonstration collection in real-world settings rather than purely algorithmic novelty. Modern pipelines, ranging from behavior cloning to diffusion- and transformer-based policies, often rely on thousands to millions of frames of demonstrations gathered via teleoperation from expert users. Within this regime, demonstration quality is a first-class variable: differences in operator skill and style (“robot wizards”), interface ergonomics, latency, action representations, and curation choices can decisively shape downstream policy performance, robustness, and generalization. Despite this, the community lacks a shared vocabulary, metrics, and engineering playbook for what “high-quality” demonstrations mean across tasks and embodiments, and how to reliably produce them at scale. The workshop targets researchers and practitioners who build, use, or maintain demonstration datasets for manipulation learning. The intended audience includes: (i) method developers working on learning-from-demonstration for dexterous manipulation, mobile manipulation, and bimanual tasks; (ii) dataset builders and infrastructure engineers responsible for logging, synchronization, calibration, and labeling; and (iii) practitioners deploying imitation-based manipulation in industrial or field environments where reliability, repeatability are central. We expect strong relevance for groups collecting demonstrations “in the wild,” where demonstrations are produced by multiple operators with varying expertise, under time pressure, and with imperfect sensing, occlusions, or changing scene conditions. Presenters and panelists will be drawn from multiple sub-communities that rarely meet in a single forum: robot manipulation learning (BC, diffusion/transformer policies, hybrid IL/RL), human-in-the-loop systems (teleoperation, XR interfaces, shared autonomy and interventions), dataset and benchmark design (metadata standards, evaluation protocols, reproducibility), and industry robotics (quality assurance, safety practices, scalable operations, and documentation). The workshop will explicitly connect “front-end” data collection decisions to “back-end” learning and evaluation outcomes, encouraging speakers to share concrete lessons from building and stress-testing real pipelines. The workshop’s relevance and impact is to complement RSS main-track research by focusing on best practices and practical failure modes that are often omitted from papers but strongly determine success in practice. Key themes include: Best-practices for real world data collection, how to train operators; how to characterize and manage operator-to-operator variation; how to design collection protocols that reduce reliance on rare “wizard” skill; how to define and measure quality beyond task success (e.g., coverage, consistency, uncertainty, recoveries, and intent clarity); how to implement quality-aware filtering, weighting, and dataset documentation; and how to report dataset properties in ways that make results comparable across labs. The expected outcome is a community-curated set of actionable recommendations, protocols, checklists, as well as open problems. The final goal is to improve reproducibility, reduce wasted data collection, and accelerate reliable imitation-based manipulation progress in 2026 and beyond.

Content

Topics

We will focus discussions around concrete, practice-driven questions that connect demonstration collection decisions to downstream imitation-learning performance:

  • What is “demonstration quality” beyond task success? Which dimensions matter most in manipulation (e.g., coverage, consistency, smoothness, recoveries, intent clarity, viewpoint/occlusion)?
  • Operator variation and the “robot wizard” effect. How large is inter-operator variability in real datasets? What behaviors distinguish consistently high-performing operators? When do “wizard” demos help vs. hurt generalization?
  • Teleoperation/XR interface factors that change the data distribution. How do latency, control mappings, action space choices, assistive autonomy, camera viewpoints, haptics, and operator feedback cues affect demo quality and policy outcomes?
  • Quality control at scale. What lightweight checks are effective in large-scale pipelines (automatic heuristics, consistency checks, anomaly detection, review queues? What should be measured routinely?
  • Curation strategies: keep or discard, filter, weight? When is it better to discard poor demos vs. keep them with weights? How do we avoid biasing the dataset by over-filtering? What metadata is essential?
  • Dataset documentation and reporting standards. What minimal metadata should accompany demonstrations to enable reproducibility?
  • Evaluation: linking demo properties to policy performance. Which benchmarks and protocols best reveal demo-quality effects?
  • From anecdotes to hypotheses (and experiments). What recurring practical observations can be turned into testable hypotheses?

Workshop format

The workshop will include:

  • Invited talks: 25 min presentation + 5 min Q&A.
  • Accepted extended abstracts and Reflections (3 pages with unlimited references and appendix) presented in poster sessions and selected spotlight talks. In case of a hybrid or virtual workshop, we will ask for pre-recorded spotlight talks for a smoother execution in case of connection issues. However, for each selected contribution, at least one author will be required to be present during the workshop for a live Q&A session;
  • Structured group discussion to extract shared observations. We will run a 10-minute moderated discussion focused on practical “rules of thumb,” candidate hypotheses, and minimal experiments or metrics that could test them. We will compile the key hypotheses into a shared post-workshop document.

Award

INCAR Robotics AB will sponsor an award for Most Useful Practical Information, intended to recognize the contribution that provides the clearest, most honest, and most actionable guidance for the workshop community. The award emphasizes practical usefulness, transparency about limitations and failure modes, and transferable lessons learned, rather than only polished results.

The award will be community-voted. All workshop attendees will be invited to vote for the contribution they consider most useful in practice. To ensure fairness and compliance with RSS workshop award guidelines, the vote will be overseen by an Award Committee. The Award Committee will verify eligibility, absence of conflicts of interest, and vote integrity before confirming the final recipient. The committee will normally follow the audience vote and will only intervene if there is an eligibility, conflict-of-interest, or procedural concern.

The award consists of:

  • one Meta Quest 3S headset; and
  • a one-year academic evaluation license for the INCAR teleoperation/learning software stack.

The academic license is non-transferable, not for resale, and does not include commercial-use rights.

No contribution co-authored by a workshop organizer will be eligible for this sponsored award.

Schedule (Tentative)

Half-day morning workshop — Monday, 13 July 2026 — Sydney, Australia (AEST, UTC+10)

Room: Building 11, Level 3, Room 301


Time (AEST) Activity
08:00 – 08:10 Workshop Opening
08:10 – 08:40 Nadia Figueroa — TBA (25 min talk + 5 min Q&A, remote)
08:40 – 09:00 Spotlight Talks #1 (2 × (7 min talk + 3 min Q&A))
  • Better Demonstrations, Not More: Human Egocentric Video over Teleoperation
    Zhi (Leo) Wang, Botao He, Kelin Yu, Seungjae Lee, Ruohan Gao, Furong Huang, Yiannis Aloimonos
  • Ambient Diffusion Policy: Imitation Learning from Suboptimal Data in Robotics
    Adam Wei, Nicholas Pfaff, Thomas Cohn, Arif Kerem Dayı, Constantinos Daskalakis, Giannis Daras, Russ Tedrake
09:00 – 09:30 Dongheui Lee — TBA (25 min talk + 5 min Q&A, in person)
09:30 – 10:30 Coffee Break + Poster Presentations
  1. What Demonstration Curation Metrics Do to Your Policy: Lessons from a Controlled Manipulation Benchmark
    Aarav Bedi
  2. Better Demonstrations, Not More: Human Egocentric Video over Teleoperation
    Zhi (Leo) Wang, Botao He, Kelin Yu, Seungjae Lee, Ruohan Gao, Furong Huang, Yiannis Aloimonos
  3. SPARC: Reliable Spatial Annotations from Robot Demonstrations at Scale
    Nils Blank, Paul Mattes, Maximilian Xiling Li, Jakub Suliga, Thomas Roth, Moritz Reuss, Pankhuri Vanjani, Rudolf Lioutikov
  4. Ambient Diffusion Policy: Imitation Learning from Suboptimal Data in Robotics
    Adam Wei, Nicholas Pfaff, Thomas Cohn, Arif Kerem Dayı, Constantinos Daskalakis, Giannis Daras, Russ Tedrake
  5. Beyond Clean Demonstrations: Coverage-Aware Force-Torque Data Collection for Contact-Rich Manipulation
    Jaeu Choe, Doyoon Kong, Taegyun Choi, Dongjun Lee
  6. Maintaining Demonstration Quality in a 100-Robot Teleoperation Pipeline
    Kunal Kapoor, Shiraz Khan, Joseph McCalmon, Jesse Michel, Arif Mohammed, Katerina Nikiforova, Adam Oppenheimer, Victor Szabo, David Watkins
  7. From Action Labels to Sets: Rethinking Action Supervision for Imitation Learning from Corrective Feedback
    Zhaoting Li, Rodrigo Pérez-Dattari, Robert Babuska, Cosimo Della Santina, Jens Kober
  8. RoboPocket: Improve Robot Policies Instantly with Your Phone
    Junjie Fang, Wendi Chen, Han Xue, Fangyuan Zhou, Tian Le, Yi Wang, Yuting Zhang, Jun Lv, Chuan Wen, Cewu Lu
10:30 – 11:00 Dana Kulić — Assessing and improving demonstrations and demonstrators for LfD (25 min talk + 5 min Q&A, in person)
11:00 – 11:20 Spotlight Talks #2 (2 × (7 min talk + 3 min Q&A))
  • From Action Labels to Sets: Rethinking Action Supervision for Imitation Learning from Corrective Feedback
    Zhaoting Li, Rodrigo Pérez-Dattari, Robert Babuska, Cosimo Della Santina, Jens Kober
  • RoboPocket: Improve Robot Policies Instantly with Your Phone
    Junjie Fang, Wendi Chen, Han Xue, Fangyuan Zhou, Tian Le, Yi Wang, Yuting Zhang, Jun Lv, Chuan Wen, Cewu Lu
11:20 – 11:45 David Watkins — What Data Robots Need: From Co-Designed Handheld Capture to Fleet-Scale Flywheels (20 min talk + 5 min Q&A)
11:45 – 11:55 Structured Group Discussion and Presentation
11:55 – 12:00 Closing & Award Ceremony

Call for Papers

We invite participants to submit short contributions (3 pages extended abstract, unlimited references and appendix) focused on practical lessons from demonstration collection and curation: what failed, what worked, what metrics or checks were useful, and what factors mattered.

Submissions will be accepted primarily for poster presentation, with a curated subset invited for spotlight talks (7 min + 3 min Q&A) emphasizing actionable takeaways and an “anecdote → hypothesis” framing. We will reserve a substantial fraction of spotlight slots for students, postdocs, and first-time RSS participants.

Contributions are encouraged, but not required, to be original. The review process will be single-blind (submitted papers do not need to be anonymized). Accepted abstracts will be made available on the workshop website but will not appear in the official RSS proceedings.

Important Dates

  • Submission deadline: Friday, 19 June 2026, 23:59 AoE
  • Author notification: Friday, 26 June 2026, 23:59 AoE Tuesday, 30 June 2026, 23:59 AoE
  • Final submission deadline: Friday, 3 July 2026, 23:59 AoE Monday, 6 July 2026, 23:59 AoE

The submission portal is now live: Submit via Microsoft CMT .

Invited Speakers

Nadia Figueroa


Assistant Professor
University of Pennsylvania, USA
Personal website

Talk title: TBA

Bio: TBA


Dongheui Lee


Full Professor
Technische Universität Wien (TU Wien), Austria
Personal website

Talk title: TBA

Bio: TBA


Dana Kulić


Professor
Monash University, Australia
Personal website

Talk title: Assessing and improving demonstrations and demonstrators for LfD

Bio: Prof. Dana Kulić conducts research in human-centred robotics, focusing on human-robot interaction, interactive robot learning and human motion analysis. Her career includes research at the University of Tokyo on robot learning from demonstration, and a decade at the University of Waterloo, where she built a leading group in human-robot interaction and assistive systems. Since 2019, she is the Director of Monash Robotics and a Professor in the Faculty of Engineering at Monash University. She is an ARC Future Fellow, a CSIRO Adjunct Fellow and the Deputy Director of the ARC Centre for Optimised Ageing. She studies how robots can learn from and respond to human behaviour to collaborate safely and effectively in real-world settings, from healthcare and rehabilitation to industrial and everyday environments.


David Watkins


Research Lead
Tutor Intelligence
Personal websiteWhat to Tell the Robot

Talk title: What Data Robots Need: From Co-Designed Handheld Capture to Fleet-Scale Flywheels

Bio: David Watkins is a robotics researcher and engineer working on manipulation and data infrastructure for robot learning. He recently joined Tutor Intelligence as Research Lead, after several years at the RAI Institute working on handheld data collection and VLA policy training. He holds a PhD from Columbia University and co-authors the blog What to Tell the Robot with Stefanie Tellex (Brown University).

Organizers

  • Michael C. Welle - INCAR Robotics AB, Sweden
  • Jonne van Haastregt - INCAR Robotics AB, Sweden
  • Durgesh Haribhau Salunkhe - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
  • Andrej Gams - Jozef Stefan Institute (JSI), Slovenia
  • Sthithpragya Gupta - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
  • João Silvério - German Aerospace Center (DLR), Germany
  • Niko Suenderhauf - Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Australia
  • Aude Billard - École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Switzerland
  • Danica Kragic - KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Sweden

Contact

If you have any questions please contact Michael Welle at the email: MichaelDOTWelleATincar-roboticsDOTse

Acknowledgment

The Microsoft CMT service was used for managing the peer-reviewing process for this conference. This service was provided for free by Microsoft and they bore all expenses, including costs for Azure cloud services as well as for software development and support.